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Ohio Graduation Test - Science Test 1


The following test has 10 questions.

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1. A scientist's paper is rejected by a journal because the paper did not reveal key details about the experiment she performed to get her results. What ethical argument could the editor give for this rejection?
  a. Sample collection had been done by a graduate student.
  b. The scientist's findings were similar to results reported for other species.
  c. The scientist had repeated her experiment several times with identical results.
  d. Other scientists would not be able to verify her findings without more information.




2. Architects are working with engineers to build a lecture hall. How can they design it so that echoes are reduced and speech is not heard as garbled sounds?
  a. build smooth marble walls, ceilings and polished floors
  b. construct many flat walls, angled ceilings and smooth floors
  c. use an ultramodern design of metal walls, pillars and seats
  d. build walls out of porous materials, upholster the seats and add carpets




3. The feature that identifies an organism as a prokaryote is
  a. the presence of ribosomes.
  b. the absence of chlorophyll.
  c. the presence of a cell membrane.
  d. the absence of a nuclear membrane.




4. Use the following information to answer questions 4-6.

Temperature Experiment


Students pour 250.0 g of water into an open insulated container. The initial temperature of the water inside the container is recorded. The temperature of the contents of the container is recorded every 3.0 minutes. When 73.0 g of ice (at melting point) is added to the container, the students continue to collect temperature data and the mixture is gently stirred. The data from Experiment 1 are listed in the chart below. The data are also plotted on the following graph.



If the experiment is repeated and the only difference is that twice as much ice (146.0 g) is added to the container of water, the students will observe what difference from Experiment 1?
  a. Any remaining ice will sink to the bottom of the container.
  b. The water in the container will be colder at the end of the experiment.
  c. The temperature will fall faster during the last 15 minutes of the experiment.
  d. A significantly larger amount of ice will melt in the last 15 minutes of the experiment.




5. When the ice was added to the water in the container, several energy transfers occurred. Considering only the contents of the container, what would be a likely sequence (order) of energy transfers?
  a. Water transferred energy to the ice as the ice melted.
  b. Water transferred energy to the air as the ice increased in temperature.
  c. Ice transferred energy to the air which then lowered the temperature of the water.
  d. Ice transferred energy to the water which lowered the temperature of the water.




6. During the first 15 minutes of Experiment 1, the water molecules in the container
  a. decreased in average speed.
  b. changed the type of bonds present in the water.
  c. changed shape because the temperature changed.
  d. increased in oxygen content compared to the hydrogen content.




7. Use the following information to answer questions 7-10.

Plant Distribution


The distribution of plant species depends on many factors, including climate, topography, soil conditions and biological interactions. Data on moisture availability were collected along the coast of Northern California. In this area, each plant community has a dominant tree. The graphs below illustrate a dominant tree's percentage of the total vegetation compared to the percentage of soil moisture available. Each tree species studied has a distinct preference for a certain kind of habitat.



An ecologist observes that an area in California has experienced an increase in average soil moisture content. The area was once dominated by incense cedar but is now home to a greater variety of trees. Which types of trees would the ecologist most likely observe in this area if the soil moisture content has risen to 30%?
  a. madrone and California bay
  b. Douglas fir and madrone
  c. incense cedar and big-leaf maple
  d. coast redwood and big-leaf maple




8. A scientist observes that Douglas fir trees survive better than broadleaf species such as big-leaf maple in a certain area. Which is the best explanation for her observation?
  a. Big-leaf maple trees require less soil moisture than Douglas fir trees.
  b. Douglas fir trees are better at conserving water than big-leaf maple trees.
  c. Douglas fir trees and big-leaf maple trees are often found in overlapping habitats.
  d. The big-leaf maple trees are experiencing competition with California Bay trees.




9. Use the map to answer question 9.



In which area would you expect incense cedar and madrone to dominate?
  a. 1
  b. 2
  c. 3
  d. 4




10. A survey of a small coastal valley in California finds only Douglas fir, madrone, and coast redwood. The soil moisture availability in this valley is most likely to be
  a. 0 - 20%.
  b. 20 - 40%.
  c. 40 - 80%.
  d. 60 - 80%.




Good Luck!